An Explanation of the Relation between Authority, Rightfulness, Sealness (khatamiyyat) and Justification of Religious Beliefs
gh
h
دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
Seyed Mohamadreza
Lavasani
Ph.D. Student of Religious Studies, Adyan faculty, University of Religion and Denomenation
author
text
article
2018
per
There are different epistemological views which have focused on the justification of religious beliefs in the present time. One of its important approaches is foundationalism which has the two perspectives of introversion and extroversion; it even notices rightfulness or non-rightfulness as well. Another epistemological approach is reasonism and the third view is religious experience which helped the formation of the final approach, named authority, due to its agreements and oppositions. In this approach the founder can be a measure to justify religious beliefs which is especially less discussed and is the topic of this research. In his book 'The Ethics of Belief', Clifford expanded the theory of authority as one of the approaches of religious beliefs and its effects on our scholars, especially regarding revelation, became clear [in his writing]. The final conclusion is that authority is the criterion to judge about the value of justification and is not rational.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
6
35
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_33942_7dfbd8d7276b6c8417085e855682cbb5.pdf
dx.doi.org/8901
Reincarnation and Its Relation with the Resurrection
Hamidreza
Shakerin
Associate professor of Pajuheshqah Farhanq va Andisheh Islami, group of the logic of understanding religion.
author
text
article
2018
per
What is reincarnation and what are its different forms? Is it real or is it suppositional and not only it has not took place, it isn’t possible as well; in every case what is its relation with resurrection and the eternal world hereafter? This question strikes the minds of many people who see themselves between reincarnation and resurrection. I will try to study – with the help of God - the essence of reincarnation, in this article, and its different types and the reasons presented by the believers of reincarnation and some of the criticisms of the main idea and of its proofs; and then will investigate its relation with resurrection. I have used rational and experimental methods in this research. The result of this research is that it denies all the forms of worldly (molki) reincarnation; inability of the theory of reincarnation to ensure the outputs of resurrection, incompatibility of the absolute and infinite worldly reincarnation and the hereafter; and incompatibility of limited worldly reincarnation with resurrection of the body.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
36
61
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34026_1254bdbb5a6c97402d9e8059756c9373.pdf
dx.doi.org/0002
An Investigation and Analysis of Ta''''vil from the Perspectives of Ibn-Teymiyyeh and Allameh Tabataba''''i
a
a
استاد گروه فلسفه دانشگاه قم
author
m
p
دانشجوی دکتری کلام اسلامی دانشگاه قم (نویسنده مسئول).
author
text
article
2018
per
Ta''vil (allegorical interpretation) is one of the subjects discussed by Muslim scholars. One may study the ideas on ta''vil and think the views of Ibn Teymiyyeh and Allameh Tabataba''i are identical but an exact study of the two shows there are differences. According to Ibn Teymiyyeh''s view the ta''vil of Qur''an''s declarative [verses] is different from commanding [verses]; the ta''vil of declarative verses is their external reality and the ta''vil of the commands is the fulfillment of what is commanded. But according to Allameh Tabataba''i, first, all of the Holy Qur''an has ta''vil and is not special to the motashabeh (ambiguous and metaphorical) verses and second, ta''vil is a kind of reality not a meaning or concept. There are fundamental differences between Ibn Teymiyyeh and Allameh Tabataba''i''s views; Ibn Teymiyyeh believes ta''vil is the external referent of verses but Allameh Tabataba''i has a more exact idea. [He believes] ta''vil is the nafs-ol-amr reality which is beyond the world of matter and the external actuality. Another difference is that Ibn Teymiyyeh absolutely denies the knowledge of ta''vil from all human beings but Allameh Tabataba''i says according to Qur''an''s verses, some special servants of God are aware of ta''vil and he does not accept this absolute denial.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
63
86
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34029_4200bc3dcd813c3d7da91a4176f9bd87.pdf
dx.doi.org/0003
The Necessity of Religion and It's Future from the Perspective of Modernism and Post-Modernism
Solayman
Khakban
استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه قم
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this article is to investigate the necessity of religion from a sociological perspective in the two periods of modernism and postmodernism. A librarian method is used to answer this question, which is partly based on the results of "social concrete experience". The views of some outstanding anti-religious scholars of the period of modernism is first presented; then the views of the important scholars of the period of post-modernism and the international organizations are explained. Although the idea of secularism has been dominant on the world for more than hundred years and it has been developed but, as this research shows, secularism is declined at the beginning of the period of post-modernism and desecularism has appeared and developed. The cognitive outcome of this research is to strengthen the historical-universal view regarding major religious changes; in addition, as a national outcome of this research, it improves the views of those Westernized fellow citizens – who still think on the basis of modern theories and analysis and thus believe the Islamic republic of Iran and its resultant system moves in the opposite direction of contemporary and future world and human changes – concerning how much does the contemporary world tend to religion. Unlike this incorrect recognition, the Islamic Republic of Iran can be the central point and leader of the post-modern religious conceptual changes.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
87
108
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34030_b0a1a83f26ad11bf847f21da0041228f.pdf
dx.doi.org/0004
An Analysis and Criticism of Coequality of the Two Theories of Evolution and 'Motion in the Category of Substance'
qasem
akhavan
Member of the faculty of theology and religious studies department of Islamic Culture and Thought
author
text
article
2018
per
The subject of this article is to criticize and investigate the coequality of the theory of evolution and 'Motion in the Category of Substance' in regard to semantics and epistemology. Since both theories highlight gradual changing, can they be considered common and in the same direction? The two theories seem to have some differences in regard to semantics and epistemology such that they cannot be considered identical; because the theory of evolution is based on nominalism in regard to semantics, and does not accept the existence of the generic universal forms; and the changes in the theory of evolution means the change of one being to another but in the theory of motion in the category of substance it means transformation and this theory is based on universals and the specific forms. The coequality of the two theories of evolution and 'motion in the category of substance' is criticized and investigated in this article.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
109
128
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34032_1a417a36152a00170c15c0bf5fb496d1.pdf
dx.doi.org/0005
Mostaz'af* and the Issue of Salvation
abolfazl
sajedi
استاد گروه کلام و فلسفه دین مؤسسه آموزشی پژوهشی امام خمینی
author
hamed
sajedi
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه و کلام اسلامی پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران (نویسنده مسئول).
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the important discussions of pluralism is the issue of salvation. This topic has been discussed by many Islamic scholars. To study pluralism or exclusivim of salvation from the perspective of Islam, Qur'an's verses and traditions should be carefully revised. One of the effective subjects in this topic is the mostaz'af (the weak or the abased). It is necessary to deeply study traditional reasons to investigate the meanings of mostaz'af, its limits and borders and its effect on the issue of salvation. This article has achieved a new idea in this topic using a librarian method and an analytical-descriptive method. This article will show that mostaz'af has a general and a special meaning; each of which have their own special theological and jurisprudential consequences. The general meaning of mostaz'af is less realized by Islamic scholars and its theological effects are not distinguished from the effects of the special meaning. The general meaning even includes the ones who have fault, to some extent, in not reaching to the reality. Not paying attention to the different meanings of mostaz'af may lead to an incorrect perception of traditional reasons. Each of the two meanings of mostaz'af may be defined on the base of the circumstances of the person and his/her beliefs and it includes different classes of people. Each of the two meanings have a special relation with the matter of salvation and entail a specific kind of salvation which shows the wider scope of salvation compared with rightfulness.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
129
121
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34033_e3e1b3bbfaf7e2bdf28817e427815311.pdf
dx.doi.org/0006
Method and methodology of Islamic social sciences
A universal framework for describing and evaluating the theories of religious science and Islamic social sciences
mohammad
f
استادیار گروه فلسفه و کلام پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه
author
text
article
2018
per
The methodology of Islamic human science is charged with finding out, describing, and epistemologically evaluating the methods proposed by the theories of religious sciences and Islamic human sciences. The description above-mentioned consists of introducing data collection techniques, analyzing these data which are related to the questions or hypothesis of the research, and expounding the logic and general patterns of scientific activities accomplished in Islamic human sciences. Epistemological evaluation of the results obtained from applying the methods should be done on the basis of this description. This epistemological analysis is an important part of methodology. This article has the intention of giving an account of the methodic, and methodological requirements of religious sciences and Islamic human sciences. Consequently, it expresses these requirements in three realms: first, in scientific recognition of the subject of research; secondly, in recognition of the religious doctrines connected with the subject of research, and thirdly, in the necessity of showing the relation between the Islamic doctrines and the results obtained from applying the methods proposed. These requirements are expounded as a universal framework for describing and evaluating the theories of religious sciences and Islamic social sciences.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
153
179
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34034_0cf471bbb507490ce7e0313774e03c45.pdf
dx.doi.org/0007
A Study and Investigation of William Rowe's Last View on the Problem of Pointless(??) Evil Using the Ideas of Western and Islamic Scholars
rooh
a
استادیار گروه شیعه شناسی و معارف اسلامی پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران
author
zahir
dehghani
دانشجوی دکتری مدرسی معارف اسلامی گرایش مبانی نظری اسلام، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران (نویسنده مسئول).
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the most important evidences of the atheists on the incompatibility of the system of the theist's beliefs throughout the history is the problem of evil. According to the special description of this problem presented by William Rowe – one of the contemporary atheists – there are some evils in this world which cannot be justified or explained by the reasons the believers present to explain them. Rowe improved his argument – after receiving some answers and critics – throughout a couple of decades and in his last description of this problem, he tried to strengthen his reasoning by explaining and updating its premises and presenting two examples and thus answer the questions of theists in advance. Explaining the last view of Rowe in this regard, the answers of Western scholars and also Muslim philosophers and writers who have reasoned against Rowe's reasoning or what can be said to answer him, are investigated and I will show that the collection of those cases can be as a response to Rowe who claimed the evidences of theists in the problem of evil is not justifiable; although they should be updated according to the new presentation of the matter of evil and an answer which is suitable with the new questions and examples should be presented.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
180
204
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34035_f066f4159098efad5225a0bac2b83a70.pdf
dx.doi.org/0008
Has Sheikh Ishraq Agreed with The Exalted God to be an Agent of Will?
g
g
استادیار گروه مبانی نظری اسلام دانشگاه معارف اسلامی
author
text
article
2018
per
The attribute of will is one of the most difficult and complicated topics in Islamic philosophy and theology which has always been faced with different questions and theories. The most important problem of this topic is that God could not be considered as an agent without will-power on the one hand, and on the other hand, will is inherently contingent and the divine nature is free from happening of any contingent event. For this, the Muslim philosophers have attributed the divine will to knowledge, love and the like. In this regard, the theory of Sheikh Ishraq about God’s will has been studied in this paper. For Sheikh Ishraq, the divine realm is free from will and he put emphasis on this matter in various cases. Among the whole of his materials, four reasons are used on the impossibility of will of God almighty. Among these reasons we can refer to the absolute richness of the self-existence, the innateness of the divine actions, durability of the act of God almighty, and attendance of will with misguided actions. However, Sheikh Ishraq points or stipulates on acceptance of God’s necessary will in some cases that after an accurate analysis it is revealed that with regard to both reason and document, none of them may be agreeable. Therefore, the summary of Sheikh Ishraq’s expressions leads us to the theory of negation of will of God. The most important problem of Sheikh Ishraq’s theory is inattention to the religious texts especially the Quran that attributes the trait of will to God for several times.
Qabasat
Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
1029-4538
23
v.
89
no.
2018
205
230
https://qabasat.iict.ac.ir/article_34036_1449cca57fcb6f3e70643506ea71f690.pdf
dx.doi.org/0009