The main issue of this research is the relationship between "instrumental rationality" as the dominant paradigm of the modern world and "teleology" as a foundation in Islamic philosophy. The question is whether Islamic philosophy (focusing on Al-Farabi's thought) can provide a critical framework for confronting instrumental rationality. Within the framework of religious science, this research compares two intellectual traditions in the field of architecture as their concrete embodiment using the method of philosophical-hermeneutical and comparative analysis. The findings show that the modern functionalist approach has separated function from meaning and led to a decrease in the sense of identity in urban spaces; in contrast, Al-Farabi's epistemological system emphasizes the inherent connection between theoretical and practical reason, meaning-based symbolism, and proportional justice. The achievement of the research is to present four components for rethinking the design of collective spaces: collective teleology, purposeful symbolism, network-hierarchical structure, and proportional justice. Unlike previous studies that have focused more on the aesthetic or functional aspects of Islamic architecture, the innovation of this article lies in two things: first, the critique of instrumental rationality from within Islamic philosophy, relying on Al-Farabi's concept of teleology; second, the derivation of an operational framework (four components) that has the potential to be applied in fields beyond architecture and can be used as a model for producing religious science in the philosophy of technology, political theology, and environmental theology.