The research of this article starts with confronting the following question: “can we have an understanding of the Divine act in the world such that it does not lead to abandoning the legality of causality legality in the world.
After investigating the most important points present in the changes of’ the concept of God and His act from the past to today, I will first explain the most promising theories posed in the present century, i.e. the theory of Russell and Polkinghorne; then studying the capacity of Stoeger’s idea, I will criticize these theories and inspect their insights and defects. Then considering Allameh Tabataba’i's understanding of the kind of God’s existence and activity in the world on the basis of the [theory of] ‘transcendental wisdom’, I will criticize Stoeger’s theory while its insights and useful points are preserved. Among these discussions I have selected my own theory which tries to collect all the positive characteristics of the previous ideas.
According to this theory, God is an agent who has created a lawful world and has given all its present characteristics, relations and rules; this agency is along with His act of creation. On the other hand, He has a continuous and permanent presence in the world for the rest of its existence because this world is ‘mere relation’ [to God] and is thoroughly poverty and needs donation of existence in each and every second. Thus God’s activity is not restricted to the instant of creation. Accepting this perspective, we may get rid of the deistic problems posed regarding some previous ideas such as the classical physics of Newton.