نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The principle of causal closure, which holds that all physical events are fully explicable by prior physical causes, is one of the fundamental concepts in contemporary philosophy of science and modern physics. Grounded in laws such as the conservation of energy, this principle poses a serious challenge to theological doctrines that emphasize divine intervention or divine action in the world. From the perspective of the causal completeness of physics, the physical world functions as a closed system, and any non-physical causal influence-such as divine intervention-appears to be in tension with this closed system. Nevertheless, contemporary thinkers have made various attempts to reconcile the notion of divine action with the principle of physical causal completeness. Using a descriptive–analytical method, this article examines the relationship between the principle of physical causal completeness and divine agency, analyzing the challenges involved and the diverse solutions proposed to reconcile these two concepts. Finally, the article explicates a solution derived from Islamic philosophy to this problem. This solution does not exactly correspond to any of the main ideas found in contemporary discussions; rather, it can be formulated as a three-dimensional model, which is elaborated in the fourth section of the article.
Keywords
Conservation Laws; Causal Completeness of Physics; Naturalism; Physicalism; Islamic Philosophy.
The principle of causal closure, which holds that all physical events are fully explicable by prior physical causes, is one of the fundamental concepts in contemporary philosophy of science and modern physics. Grounded in laws such as the conservation of energy, this principle poses a serious challenge to theological doctrines that emphasize divine intervention or divine action in the world. From the perspective of the causal completeness of physics, the physical world functions as a closed system, and any non-physical causal influence-such as divine intervention-appears to be in tension with this closed system. Nevertheless, contemporary thinkers have made various attempts to reconcile the notion of divine action with the principle of physical causal completeness. Using a descriptive–analytical method, this article examines the relationship between the principle of physical causal completeness and divine agency, analyzing the challenges involved and the diverse solutions proposed to reconcile these two concepts. Finally, the article explicates a solution derived from Islamic philosophy to this problem. This solution does not exactly correspond to any of the main ideas found in contemporary discussions; rather, it can be formulated as a three-dimensional model, which is elaborated in the fourth section of the article.
کلیدواژهها English
